diff --git a/M02_MasterTemplete/M02_MasterTemplete_Router_Layers.py b/M02_MasterTemplete/M02_MasterTemplete_Router_Layers.py
index 151d3ec6..1e342c88 100644
--- a/M02_MasterTemplete/M02_MasterTemplete_Router_Layers.py
+++ b/M02_MasterTemplete/M02_MasterTemplete_Router_Layers.py
@@ -253,6 +253,10 @@ async def save_layer_template(
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
     folder = await _layer_dir(session, layer, project_id=project_id, write=True)
     document = body.문서
+    try:
+        layers.check_skeleton(kind, document)  # 빈 `{}` · 뼈대 없는 문서는 파일 안 씀
+    except ValueError as error:
+        raise _bad(error) from error
     if kind == "table" and fill.is_fillable(document):
         # 채운 표가 와도 설계값은 안 받아 적음 — 양식 + 손 값만(5장 · 브라우저 값을 믿지 않음)
         document = fill.strip_design(document)
diff --git a/M02_MasterTemplete/M02_Template_Layers.py b/M02_MasterTemplete/M02_Template_Layers.py
index 82adfe26..7d48de77 100644
--- a/M02_MasterTemplete/M02_Template_Layers.py
+++ b/M02_MasterTemplete/M02_Template_Layers.py
@@ -159,6 +159,15 @@ def read_template(layer_dir: str | Path, kind: str, name: str) -> dict[str, Any]
     }
 
 
+def check_skeleton(kind: str, document: Any) -> None:
+    """뼈대 없는 문서는 거절 — 표 = `열` 목록 · 도면 = `entities` 목록(빈 `{}` 저장 막기)."""
+    key = {"table": "열", "drawing": "entities"}.get(kind)
+    if not isinstance(document, dict):
+        raise ValueError("양식 문서는 JSON 객체여야 합니다.")
+    if key and not isinstance(document.get(key), list):
+        raise ValueError(f"양식 문서에 `{key}` 목록이 없습니다 — 빈 문서는 저장하지 않습니다.")
+
+
 def write_template(
     layer_dir: str | Path,
     kind: str,
diff --git a/resources/tester/test_m02_template_layers.py b/resources/tester/test_m02_template_layers.py
index e1d56911..4b79b0b3 100644
--- a/resources/tester/test_m02_template_layers.py
+++ b/resources/tester/test_m02_template_layers.py
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ def test_작업본_저장_판_다르면_409_초기화는_초기본으로(world:
     client = world["client"]
     got = client.get(_url()).json()
     assert got["층"] == "project" and got["문서"]["판"] == 1
-    saved = client.put(_url(), json={"판": got["판"], "문서": {"판": 2}})
+    saved = client.put(_url(), json={"판": got["판"], "문서": {"판": 2, "열": []}})
     assert saved.status_code == 200
-    stale = client.put(_url(), json={"판": got["판"], "문서": {"판": 3}})
+    stale = client.put(_url(), json={"판": got["판"], "문서": {"판": 3, "열": []}})
     assert stale.status_code == 409
     reset = client.post(f"/api/m02/projects/{P1}/templates/reset", json={})
     assert "table/구조물집계표" in reset.json()["초기화"]
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ def test_작업본_저장_판_다르면_409_초기화는_초기본으로(world:
 
 def test_회사_공식_저장은_관리자만_적용은_작업본만(world: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     client, session = world["client"], world["session"]
-    client.put(_url(), json={"판": client.get(_url()).json()["판"], "문서": {"회사": 1}})
+    client.put(_url(), json={"판": client.get(_url()).json()["판"], "문서": {"회사": 1, "열": []}})
     body = {"to": "company", "종류": "table", "이름": "구조물집계표"}
     assert client.post(f"/api/m02/projects/{P1}/templates/save-as", json=body).status_code == 403
     session["role"] = "ADMIN"
@@ -123,7 +123,10 @@ def test_회사_공식_저장은_관리자만_적용은_작업본만(world: dict
     applied = client.post(f"/api/m02/projects/{P2}/templates/apply", json={"from": "company"})
     assert applied.status_code == 200
     root2 = _root(world, P2, user=43)
-    assert layers.read_template(root2 / "templates", "table", "구조물집계표")["문서"] == {"회사": 1}
+    assert layers.read_template(root2 / "templates", "table", "구조물집계표")["문서"] == {
+        "회사": 1,
+        "열": [],
+    }
     assert (
         layers.read_template(root2 / "templates/_initial", "table", "구조물집계표")["문서"]["판"]
         == 1
@@ -142,7 +145,7 @@ def test_개인_양식은_본인만_쓰고_같은_회사는_읽어_가져옴(wor
     assert client.get(theirs).status_code == 200
     put = client.put(
         f"/api/m02/layers/personal/templates/table/구조물집계표?project_id={P1}&user_id=42",
-        json={"판": None, "문서": {}},
+        json={"판": None, "문서": {"열": []}},
     )
     assert put.status_code == 200  # user_id 는 쓰기에서 무시 — 본인(43) 자리에 새로 씀
     assert (world["storage"] / "7/43/templates/table/구조물집계표.json").is_file()
@@ -336,3 +339,18 @@ def test_옛_표_틀은_새_판으로_손_값은_지킴(world: dict[str, Any]) -
     # 손댄 것 없는 작업본은 시스템 파일 그대로(판이 같음)
     migrate.refresh_tables(root2)
     assert layers.version_of(root2 / "templates/table/구조물집계표.json") == system_version
+
+
+def test_뼈대_없는_문서는_400으로_거절하고_파일을_안_씀(world: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    client = world["client"]
+    path = _root(world, P1) / "templates/drawing/A1_도각.json"
+    before = path.read_bytes()
+    url = f"/api/m02/layers/project/templates/drawing/A1_도각?project_id={P1}"
+    version = layers.version_of(path)
+    for document in ({}, {"format": 6}, {"entities": {}}):
+        got = client.put(url, json={"판": version, "문서": document})
+        assert got.status_code == 400 and "entities" in got.json()["detail"]
+    assert path.read_bytes() == before
+    table = _url()
+    assert client.put(table, json={"판": None, "문서": {}}).status_code == 400
+    assert client.put(url, json={"판": version, "문서": {"entities": []}}).status_code == 200