diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet.css b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet.css
index 87a49d13..4577256a 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet.css
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet.css
@@ -274,6 +274,7 @@
   top: 4px;
   right: 16px;
   z-index: 21;
+  max-width: min(720px, calc(100% - 32px));
   max-height: calc(100% - 8px);
   overflow: auto;
   border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_actions.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_actions.ts
index 9fae231f..bf5dc6c1 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_actions.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_actions.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@
  * ========================================================================== */
 
 import type { MapContextMenuItem } from "@ui/ui_template_context_menu";
+import { showConfirmDialog } from "@ui/ui_template_elements";
+import { parseA1 } from "./spreadsheet_address";
+import { st } from "./spreadsheet_text";
+import type { CellRange } from "./spreadsheet_types";
 import type { SpreadsheetContext } from "./spreadsheet_view_types";
 
 const TEXT = {
@@ -83,6 +87,37 @@ const CTRL_SHIFT: Record<string, Act> = {
 
 const SHEET_ACTS = new Set<Act>(["next", "prev", "newSheet"]);
 
+/** 병합 전 확인 — 왼위 밖 칸에 값이 있으면 지워짐을 물음(엑셀과 같음) · 없으면 바로 true */
+export async function confirmMerge(ctx: SpreadsheetContext, range: CellRange): Promise<boolean> {
+  const lost = Object.entries(ctx.sheet().칸).some(([a1, cell]) => {
+    const p = parseA1(a1);
+    if (!p || (cell.값 === undefined && cell.식 === undefined)) return false;
+    const inside = p.r >= range.r0 && p.r <= range.r1 && p.c >= range.c0 && p.c <= range.c1;
+    return inside && (p.r !== range.r0 || p.c !== range.c0);
+  });
+  return !lost || showConfirmDialog(st("MergeLoseConfirm"), st("Merge"));
+}
+
+/** 창 키 — Esc 닫기 · Enter 실행(여러 줄 글 · 단추 · 한글 조합 중은 그대로) · 창 안에 초점을 넣음 */
+export function dialogKeys(overlay: HTMLElement, close: () => void, run?: () => void): void {
+  overlay.addEventListener("keydown", (e) => {
+    const t = e.target as HTMLElement;
+    if (e.key === "Escape") close();
+    else if (e.key !== "Enter" || !run || e.isComposing) return;
+    else if (t.tagName === "TEXTAREA" || t.tagName === "BUTTON") return;
+    else run();
+    e.preventDefault();
+    e.stopPropagation();
+  });
+  queueMicrotask(() => {
+    if (overlay.contains(document.activeElement)) return;
+    const first = overlay.querySelector<HTMLElement>("input:not([type=hidden]), select, textarea");
+    if (first) return first.focus();
+    overlay.tabIndex = -1;
+    overlay.focus();
+  });
+}
+
 /** body 에 뜬 창(.ui-confirm)이 다 닫히면 초점을 격자로 — 창을 연 바로 뒤에 부름 */
 export function watchClose(back: () => void): void {
   const w = new MutationObserver(() => {
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_autosum.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_autosum.ts
index defa1eda..fc051c4b 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_autosum.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_autosum.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 import { rangeToA1, toA1 } from "./spreadsheet_address";
 import { isFrac } from "./spreadsheet_functions_math";
-import type { CellRange } from "./spreadsheet_types";
+import type { Cell, CellRange } from "./spreadsheet_types";
 import type { SpreadsheetContext } from "./spreadsheet_view_types";
 
 function isNumericCell(ctx: SpreadsheetContext, sheet: string, r: number, c: number): boolean {
@@ -61,6 +61,38 @@ export function autoSumRange(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): CellRange | null {
   return verticalRun(ctx, sheet, r, c, 0) ?? horizontalRun(ctx, sheet, r, c, 0);
 }
 
+/** 여러 칸을 고른 채 Σ — 엑셀처럼 열마다(한 행만 골랐으면 행 끝) 고름 끝 빈 칸 또는 바로 다음 빈 칸에
+ * 합계 식을 바로 넣을 칸들. 고른 칸이 하나거나 넣을 빈 칸이 없으면 null. */
+export function autoSumCells(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): Record<string, Cell> | null {
+  const sel = ctx.selection.범위[0];
+  if (!sel || (sel.r0 === sel.r1 && sel.c0 === sel.c1)) return null;
+  const sheet = ctx.sheet();
+  const empty = (r: number, c: number): boolean => {
+    const x = sheet.칸[toA1(r, c)];
+    return !x || (x.식 === undefined && (x.값 === undefined || x.값 === ""));
+  };
+  const across = sel.r0 === sel.r1;
+  const out: Record<string, Cell> = {};
+  const lines = across
+    ? [sel.r0]
+    : Array.from({ length: sel.c1 - sel.c0 + 1 }, (_, i) => sel.c0 + i);
+  for (const k of lines) {
+    const at = (i: number): [number, number] => (across ? [k, i] : [i, k]);
+    const first = across ? sel.c0 : sel.r0;
+    const last = across ? sel.c1 : sel.r1;
+    const end = empty(...at(last)) ? last : last + 1;
+    if (!empty(...at(end))) continue;
+    const [r, c] = at(end);
+    const [r0, c0] = at(first);
+    const [r1, c1] = at(end - 1);
+    const key = toA1(r, c);
+    const 식 = `SUM(${rangeToA1({ r0, c0, r1, c1 })})`;
+    const 서식 = sheet.칸[key]?.서식;
+    out[key] = 서식 === undefined ? { 식 } : { 식, 서식 };
+  }
+  return Object.keys(out).length ? out : null;
+}
+
 /** 활성 칸에 `=SUM(...)` 을 바로 넣음(칸 명령 — 편집기를 안 거침). */
 export function applyAutoSum(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): void {
   const range = autoSumRange(ctx);
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_condfmt.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_condfmt.ts
index e9168ecd..4e07e779 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_condfmt.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_condfmt.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,13 @@
  *   4) 도구 모음 · 우클릭 메뉴에 [조건부 서식] 항목을 두고 `createCondFmtPanel(ctx)` 를 띄움.
  * ========================================================================== */
 
-import { createButton, createInputField, createSelectField, el } from "@ui/ui_template_elements";
+import {
+  createButton,
+  createInputField,
+  createSelectField,
+  el,
+  showToast,
+} from "@ui/ui_template_elements";
 import { inRange, rangeToA1 } from "./spreadsheet_address";
 import type {
   CellRange,
@@ -186,10 +192,14 @@ export function createCondFmtPanel(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): PartHandle {
     const 범위 = ctx.selection.범위;
     if (!범위.length) return;
     const 조건 = buildCondition(kindSelect.select.value, opSelect.select.value, val1, val2);
-    if (!조건) return;
+    if (!조건) return showToast("조건 값을 넣을 것", "warning");
+    const colors = [fill.input.value.trim(), fontColor.input.value.trim()];
+    if (colors.some((c) => c && !/^#[0-9a-f]{6}$/i.test(c)))
+      return showToast("색은 #RRGGBB 꼴로", "warning");
+    if (!colors[0] && !colors[1]) return showToast("채움색이나 글자색을 넣을 것", "warning");
     const 스타일: CondFmtStyle = {};
-    if (fill.input.value) 스타일.채움 = fill.input.value;
-    if (fontColor.input.value) 스타일.글자색 = fontColor.input.value;
+    if (colors[0]) 스타일.채움 = colors[0];
+    if (colors[1]) 스타일.글자색 = colors[1];
     addCondFmtRule(ctx, { 범위: [...범위], 조건, 스타일 });
     render();
   });
@@ -200,11 +210,14 @@ export function createCondFmtPanel(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): PartHandle {
     a: ReturnType<typeof createInputField>,
     b: ReturnType<typeof createInputField>,
   ): CondFmtCondition | null {
+    const blank = (f: typeof a): boolean => f.input.value.trim() === "";
     if (kind === "비교") {
+      if (blank(a)) return null;
       const n = Number(a.input.value);
       return Number.isFinite(n) ? { 종류: "비교", 연산: op as CondFmtCompareOp, 값: n } : null;
     }
     if (kind === "사이") {
+      if (blank(a) || blank(b)) return null;
       const 아래 = Number(a.input.value);
       const 위 = Number(b.input.value);
       return Number.isFinite(아래) && Number.isFinite(위) ? { 종류: "사이", 아래, 위 } : null;
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_data_menu.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_data_menu.ts
index 307c2293..63390c33 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_data_menu.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_data_menu.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import "./spreadsheet_stage3.css"; // sub4 패널 스타일(잇는 쪽이 붙임
 import { createMapContextMenu, type MapContextMenuItem } from "@ui/ui_template_context_menu";
 import { el, showToast } from "@ui/ui_template_elements";
 import { parseRange, rangeToA1, toA1 } from "./spreadsheet_address";
-import { autoSumRange } from "./spreadsheet_autosum";
+import { autoSumCells, autoSumRange } from "./spreadsheet_autosum";
 import { isError } from "./spreadsheet_eval";
 import type { FilterHandle } from "./spreadsheet_filter";
 import { createCondFmtPanel } from "./spreadsheet_condfmt";
@@ -167,7 +167,9 @@ export function mountDataMenu(ctx: SpreadsheetContext, back: () => void): DataMe
   }
 
   function openMenu(anchor: HTMLElement): void {
-    const r = anchor.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const a = anchor.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const o = ctx.root.getBoundingClientRect(); // 메뉴는 부품 뿌리 기준 자리(칸 우클릭 메뉴와 같음)
+    const r = { left: a.left - o.left, bottom: a.bottom - o.top };
     const items: MapContextMenuItem[] = [
       [TEXT.sort, () => void sortDialog()],
       [TEXT.filterItem, () => (toggleFilter(), back())],
@@ -259,6 +261,8 @@ export function mountDataMenu(ctx: SpreadsheetContext, back: () => void): DataMe
 
   /** 자동 합계 — 엑셀처럼 =SUM(잡은 범위) 로 편집을 열고 Enter 는 사용자 몫 */
   function autosum(): void {
+    const cells = autoSumCells(ctx);
+    if (cells) return ctx.dispatch({ 종류: "칸", 시트: ctx.selection.시트, 칸: cells });
     const g = autoSumRange(ctx);
     ctx.editor.begin(g ? `=SUM(${rangeToA1(g)})` : "=SUM()");
   }
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_data_tools.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_data_tools.ts
index 4857c782..94e727c9 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_data_tools.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_data_tools.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 import { createButton, createInputField, el, showToast } from "@ui/ui_template_elements";
 import { fracToString } from "@ui/sheet/ui_template_sheet_frac";
+import { dialogKeys } from "./spreadsheet_actions";
 import { colName, toA1 } from "./spreadsheet_address";
 import type { Cell, CellAddress, CellInput, CellRange, Scalar } from "./spreadsheet_types";
 import type { SpreadsheetContext } from "./spreadsheet_view_types";
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ function modal(title: string, body: HTMLElement[], onRun: () => void, runLabel =
   );
   overlay.append(panel);
   document.body.append(overlay);
+  dialogKeys(overlay, close, () => (onRun(), close()));
 }
 
 function readRange(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): CellRange | null {
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ export function splitFixedWidth(line: string, breaks: number[]): string[] {
   return out;
 }
 
-/** 나뉜 줄들을 `anchor` 를 왼위로 삼아 칸에 씀(빈 글은 칸 지움). */
+/** 나뉜 줄들을 `anchor` 를 왼위로 삼아 칸에 씀(빈 글은 값만 지움 · 칸 서식은 그대로). */
 export function applyTextToColumns(
   ctx: SpreadsheetContext,
   anchor: CellAddress,
@@ -147,7 +149,12 @@ export function applyTextToColumns(
   const cells: Record<string, Cell | null> = {};
   rows.forEach((cols, ri) => {
     cols.forEach((text, ci) => {
-      cells[toA1(anchor.r + ri, anchor.c + ci)] = text === "" ? null : { 값: cellInputFrom(text) };
+      const key = toA1(anchor.r + ri, anchor.c + ci);
+      const 서식 = ctx.sheet().칸[key]?.서식;
+      if (text !== "")
+        cells[key] =
+          서식 === undefined ? { 값: cellInputFrom(text) } : { 값: cellInputFrom(text), 서식 };
+      else cells[key] = 서식 === undefined ? null : { 서식 };
     });
   });
   ctx.dispatch({ 종류: "칸", 시트: ctx.selection.시트, 칸: cells });
@@ -377,7 +384,9 @@ export function applyFillSeries(
   values.forEach((v, i) => {
     const r = direction === "열" ? anchor.r + i : anchor.r;
     const c = direction === "행" ? anchor.c + i : anchor.c;
-    cells[toA1(r, c)] = { 값: v };
+    const key = toA1(r, c);
+    const 서식 = ctx.sheet().칸[key]?.서식;
+    cells[key] = 서식 === undefined ? { 값: v } : { 값: v, 서식 };
   });
   ctx.dispatch({ 종류: "칸", 시트: ctx.selection.시트, 칸: cells });
 }
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_filter.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_filter.ts
index 328267d2..db29c516 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_filter.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_filter.ts
@@ -209,6 +209,12 @@ export function attachFilter(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): FilterHandle {
     panel.style.top = `${box.y + box.h}px`;
     sync();
     layer.append(panel);
+    // 격자 아래 · 오른쪽 끝에 걸리면 위 · 왼쪽으로 뒤집음(잘려서 [확인] 이 안 보이지 않게)
+    const p = panel.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const g = ctx.grid.root.getBoundingClientRect();
+    if (p.bottom > g.bottom && p.top - box.h - p.height >= g.top)
+      panel.style.top = `${box.y - p.height}px`;
+    if (p.right > g.right) panel.style.left = `${Math.max(0, box.x + box.w - p.width)}px`;
     document.addEventListener("mousedown", onOutside, true);
   }
 
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_format_dialog.css b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_format_dialog.css
index 9d48ee59..89f79741 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_format_dialog.css
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_format_dialog.css
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 
 .ss-fmtdlg__body {
   flex: 1;
+  min-height: 300px;
   overflow-y: auto;
   padding: var(--spacing-12) 2px;
 }
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_format_dialog.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_format_dialog.ts
index a743c20f..51a2b576 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_format_dialog.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_format_dialog.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import {
   type Category,
   type NegStyle,
 } from "./spreadsheet_format_code";
+import { dialogKeys } from "./spreadsheet_actions";
 import { isAutoInk } from "./spreadsheet_cellstyle";
 import { formatValue } from "./spreadsheet_numfmt";
 import type { BorderLine, BorderSide, CellStyle, HAlign, VAlign } from "./spreadsheet_types";
@@ -480,35 +481,29 @@ export function openFormatDialog(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): void {
     tabsBar.append(btn);
   });
 
+  function apply(): void {
+    ctx.dispatch({ 종류: "서식", 시트: ctx.selection.시트, 범위: ctx.selection.범위, 바꿀: draft });
+    const isMerged = (ctx.sheet().병합 ?? []).includes(rangeToA1(range));
+    if (mergeWanted !== isMerged) {
+      ctx.dispatch({
+        종류: mergeWanted ? "병합" : "병합풀기",
+        시트: ctx.selection.시트,
+        범위: range,
+      });
+    }
+    close();
+  }
+
   const actions = el("div", {
     className: "ss-fmtdlg__actions",
     children: [
       createButton({ label: TEXT.cancel, variant: "ghost", onClick: close }),
-      createButton({
-        label: TEXT.ok,
-        variant: "filled",
-        onClick: () => {
-          ctx.dispatch({
-            종류: "서식",
-            시트: ctx.selection.시트,
-            범위: ctx.selection.범위,
-            바꿀: draft,
-          });
-          const isMerged = (ctx.sheet().병합 ?? []).includes(rangeToA1(range));
-          if (mergeWanted !== isMerged) {
-            ctx.dispatch({
-              종류: mergeWanted ? "병합" : "병합풀기",
-              시트: ctx.selection.시트,
-              범위: range,
-            });
-          }
-          close();
-        },
-      }),
+      createButton({ label: TEXT.ok, variant: "filled", onClick: apply }),
     ],
   });
   panel.append(actions);
 
   showTab(0);
   document.body.append(overlay);
+  dialogKeys(overlay, close, apply);
 }
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_grid.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_grid.ts
index 99811a22..41e696fc 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_grid.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_grid.ts
@@ -652,16 +652,19 @@ export function createGrid(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): GridHandle {
     const scrollW = Math.max(0, w - headColW() - frozenW);
     const scrollH = Math.max(0, h - headRowH() - frozenH);
     const frozenColsVisible = visibleIndices(colGeo, 0, frozenCols - 1);
-    const scrollColFrom = Math.max(frozenCols, colGeo.indexAt(paneBR.scrollLeft));
-    const scrollColTo = Math.min(extent.cols - 1, colGeo.indexAt(paneBR.scrollLeft + scrollW) + 1);
+    // 본문 판의 스크롤 0 = 틀고정 경계(frozenW · frozenH) — 시트 자리로 바꿔 재야 아래 · 오른쪽 끝까지 그림
+    const left = frozenW + paneBR.scrollLeft;
+    const top = frozenH + paneBR.scrollTop;
+    const scrollColFrom = Math.max(frozenCols, colGeo.indexAt(left));
+    const scrollColTo = Math.min(extent.cols - 1, colGeo.indexAt(left + scrollW) + 1);
     const scrollColsVisible = visibleIndices(
       colGeo,
       scrollColFrom,
       Math.max(scrollColFrom, scrollColTo),
     );
     const frozenRowsVisible = visibleIndices(rowGeo, 0, frozenRows - 1);
-    const scrollRowFrom = Math.max(frozenRows, rowGeo.indexAt(paneBR.scrollTop));
-    const scrollRowTo = Math.min(extent.rows - 1, rowGeo.indexAt(paneBR.scrollTop + scrollH) + 1);
+    const scrollRowFrom = Math.max(frozenRows, rowGeo.indexAt(top));
+    const scrollRowTo = Math.min(extent.rows - 1, rowGeo.indexAt(top + scrollH) + 1);
     const scrollRowsVisible = visibleIndices(
       rowGeo,
       scrollRowFrom,
@@ -896,6 +899,7 @@ export function createGrid(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): GridHandle {
 
   function reveal(r: number, c: number): void {
     ensureExtent(r, c);
+    const [top0, left0] = [paneBR.scrollTop, paneBR.scrollLeft];
     if (r >= frozenRows) {
       const y0 = rowGeo.offset(r) - rowGeo.offset(frozenRows);
       const y1 = y0 + rowGeo.size(r);
@@ -912,16 +916,20 @@ export function createGrid(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): GridHandle {
       if (x0 < viewLeft) paneBR.scrollLeft = x0;
       else if (x1 > viewRight) paneBR.scrollLeft = x1 - paneBR.clientWidth;
     }
+    // scroll 이벤트는 다음 그림 때 옴 — 먼 칸으로 뛸 때 한 틀 비어 보이지 않게 바로 그림
+    if (paneBR.scrollTop !== top0 || paneBR.scrollLeft !== left0) onScroll();
   }
 
   function visibleRange(): CellRange {
     const scrollW = Math.max(0, root.clientWidth - headColW() - frozenW);
     const scrollH = Math.max(0, root.clientHeight - headRowH() - frozenH);
+    const top = frozenH + paneBR.scrollTop;
+    const left = frozenW + paneBR.scrollLeft;
     return {
-      r0: rowGeo.indexAt(paneBR.scrollTop),
-      c0: colGeo.indexAt(paneBR.scrollLeft),
-      r1: Math.min(extent.rows - 1, rowGeo.indexAt(paneBR.scrollTop + scrollH)),
-      c1: Math.min(extent.cols - 1, colGeo.indexAt(paneBR.scrollLeft + scrollW)),
+      r0: Math.max(frozenRows, rowGeo.indexAt(top)),
+      c0: Math.max(frozenCols, colGeo.indexAt(left)),
+      r1: Math.min(extent.rows - 1, rowGeo.indexAt(top + scrollH)),
+      c1: Math.min(extent.cols - 1, colGeo.indexAt(left + scrollW)),
     };
   }
 
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_insert_dialog.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_insert_dialog.ts
index 59b8009d..9f3989db 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_insert_dialog.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_insert_dialog.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  * ========================================================================== */
 
 import { createButton, el } from "@ui/ui_template_elements";
+import { dialogKeys } from "./spreadsheet_actions";
 import { parseA1, toA1 } from "./spreadsheet_address";
 import type { Cell, CellRange, Sheet } from "./spreadsheet_types";
 import type { SpreadsheetContext } from "./spreadsheet_view_types";
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ function modal(
   );
   overlay.append(panel);
   document.body.append(overlay);
+  dialogKeys(overlay, close, () => (onOk(choice()), close()));
 }
 
 export function openInsertCellsDialog(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): void {
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_links.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_links.ts
index 0be3ca67..f3e858f8 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_links.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_links.ts
@@ -209,7 +209,8 @@ export function mountLinks(
       e.preventDefault();
       const inList = opts?.모드 === "자재" && items.some((i) => i.키 === item.키);
       if (ctx.readOnly || !(hit || inList)) return;
-      menu.open(e.clientX, e.clientY, [
+      const o = ctx.root.getBoundingClientRect(); // 메뉴는 부품 뿌리 기준 자리
+      menu.open(e.clientX - o.left, e.clientY - o.top, [
         ...(hit ? [[TEXT.unlink, () => (unlink(), back())] as [string, () => void]] : []),
         ...(inList
           ? [
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_menu.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_menu.ts
index cc4d585b..39293393 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_menu.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_menu.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 import { createMapContextMenu, type MapContextMenuItem } from "@ui/ui_template_context_menu";
 import { createButton, el, showToast } from "@ui/ui_template_elements";
 import { rangeToA1 } from "./spreadsheet_address";
+import { confirmMerge, dialogKeys } from "./spreadsheet_actions";
 import { deleteComment, getComment, setComment } from "./spreadsheet_comments";
 import { st } from "./spreadsheet_text";
 import { MAX_COLS, MAX_ROWS, type CellRange } from "./spreadsheet_types";
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ export function attachMenu(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): PartHandle {
     panel.append(textarea, actions);
     overlay.append(panel);
     document.body.append(overlay);
+    dialogKeys(overlay, done);
     textarea.focus();
     textarea.select();
   }
@@ -87,12 +89,15 @@ export function attachMenu(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): PartHandle {
       ],
       [
         isMerged(range) ? st("MenuUnmerge") : st("MenuMerge"),
-        () =>
-          ctx.dispatch(
-            isMerged(range)
-              ? { 종류: "병합풀기", 시트: ctx.selection.시트, 범위: range }
-              : { 종류: "병합", 시트: ctx.selection.시트, 범위: range },
-          ),
+        async () => {
+          const merged = isMerged(range);
+          if (!merged && !(await confirmMerge(ctx, range))) return;
+          ctx.dispatch({
+            종류: merged ? "병합풀기" : "병합",
+            시트: ctx.selection.시트,
+            범위: range,
+          });
+        },
       ],
       [
         note ? st("MenuCommentEdit") : st("MenuCommentInsert"),
@@ -108,7 +113,9 @@ export function attachMenu(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): PartHandle {
     const at = Math.min(...rows);
     const 수 = rows.length;
     return [
+      [st("MenuCut"), () => cutCopy("cut")],
       [st("MenuCopy"), () => cutCopy("copy")],
+      [st("MenuPasteHint"), () => showToast(st("MenuPasteHint"), "info")],
       [
         st("MenuInsertRow"),
         () => ctx.dispatch({ 종류: "행넣기", 시트: ctx.selection.시트, at, 수 }),
@@ -146,7 +153,9 @@ export function attachMenu(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): PartHandle {
     const at = Math.min(...cols);
     const 수 = cols.length;
     return [
+      [st("MenuCut"), () => cutCopy("cut")],
       [st("MenuCopy"), () => cutCopy("copy")],
+      [st("MenuPasteHint"), () => showToast(st("MenuPasteHint"), "info")],
       [
         st("MenuInsertCol"),
         () => ctx.dispatch({ 종류: "열넣기", 시트: ctx.selection.시트, at, 수 }),
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_names.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_names.ts
index af2a36f9..ba7619de 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_names.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_names.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ const NAME_RE = /^[\p{L}_][\p{L}\p{N}_.]*$/u;
 /** 이름 규칙 — 글자 · 밑줄로 시작 · 칸 주소처럼 안 보임 · 겹치지 않음. 어기면 까닭 글 · 되면 null. */
 export function invalidNameReason(name: string, existing: string[]): string | null {
   if (!name) return "이름이 비었음";
+  if (name.length > 255) return "255 글자까지";
   if (!NAME_RE.test(name)) return "글자 · 숫자 · 밑줄만(첫 글자는 글자 · 밑줄)";
   if (CELL_LIKE.test(name)) return "칸 주소처럼 보이는 이름은 못 씀";
   if (RESERVED.test(name)) return "TRUE · FALSE 는 못 씀";
@@ -168,13 +169,26 @@ export function createNameManagerPanel(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): PartHandle {
     list.replaceChildren(
       ...listNames(ctx.book).map(({ 이름, 시트, 범위 }) => {
         const li = el("li", { className: "ss-names__row" });
-        const label = el("span", { text: `${이름} = ${시트}!${rangeToA1(범위)}` });
+        const sheetName = ctx.book.시트.find((s) => s.id === 시트)?.이름 ?? 시트;
+        const label = el("span", { text: `${이름} = ${sheetName}!${rangeToA1(범위)}` });
         const rename = createButton({ label: "이름 바꾸기", variant: "ghost" });
+        // 창 안에서 바로 고침(브라우저 prompt 는 자동화 창에서 저절로 취소됨) — Enter 바꿈 · Esc 그만
         rename.addEventListener("click", () => {
-          const next = window.prompt("새 이름", 이름);
-          if (!next || next === 이름) return;
-          showError(renameName(ctx, 이름, next));
-          render();
+          const input = el("input", { className: "ui-input" }) as HTMLInputElement;
+          input.value = 이름;
+          const finish = (commit: boolean): void => {
+            const next = input.value.trim();
+            if (commit && next && next !== 이름) showError(renameName(ctx, 이름, next));
+            render();
+          };
+          input.addEventListener("keydown", (e) => {
+            if (e.key !== "Enter" && e.key !== "Escape") return;
+            e.stopPropagation();
+            finish(e.key === "Enter");
+          });
+          label.replaceWith(input);
+          input.focus();
+          input.select();
         });
         const del = createButton({ label: "지움", variant: "danger" });
         del.addEventListener("click", () => {
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_numfmt.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_numfmt.ts
index 506bd21b..c146710b 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_numfmt.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_numfmt.ts
@@ -589,6 +589,9 @@ function formatNumber(value: Frac, code: string | undefined): FormattedText {
     return { 글: (forceMinus ? "-" : "") + body, 정렬: "right", ...extra };
   }
   if (!toks.some((t) => t.k === "digit" || t.k === "general")) {
+    // 글 자리(@)뿐인 형식을 수에 걸면 엑셀처럼 일반으로 보임(빈 칸이 되지 않게)
+    if (toks.some((t) => t.k === "text"))
+      return { 글: generalFormat(value), 정렬: "right", ...extra };
     let out = "";
     for (const t of toks) if (t.k === "lit") out += t.ch;
     return { 글: out, 정렬: "right", ...extra };
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_sortfilter.css b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_sortfilter.css
index 2d545d29..36244d64 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_sortfilter.css
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_sortfilter.css
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@
   position: absolute;
   left: 0;
   top: 0;
+  z-index: 5;
   width: 0;
   height: 0;
   overflow: visible;
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_stage3.css b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_stage3.css
index 453ab197..d7420bd7 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_stage3.css
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_stage3.css
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@
 .ss-validation__row > span:first-of-type,
 .ss-names__row > span:first-of-type {
   flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
 }
 
 .ss-condfmt__swatch {
@@ -109,5 +111,5 @@
 }
 
 .ss-statusbar__zoom {
-  color: var(--color-text-muted);
+  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
 }
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_text.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_text.ts
index 29d5b1da..7207a032 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_text.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_text.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ const TEXT = {
   Wrap: ["줄 바꿈", "Wrap text"],
   Merge: ["병합", "Merge"],
   Unmerge: ["병합 해제", "Unmerge"],
+  MergeLoseConfirm: [
+    "왼위 칸 값만 남고 나머지 칸 값은 지워짐 — 병합할까?",
+    "Merging keeps only the upper-left value — merge anyway?",
+  ],
   Border: ["테두리", "Border"],
   Border_none: ["없음", "None"],
   Border_all: ["모두", "All"],
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_toolbar.css b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_toolbar.css
index 80a619e5..f9776ec1 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_toolbar.css
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_toolbar.css
@@ -89,13 +89,15 @@
   padding: 0 4px;
   border: 0;
   background: none;
-  color: var(--color-text-muted);
+  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
   font-size: 0.72rem;
   cursor: pointer;
 }
 
 .ss-toolbar__popover {
   position: absolute;
+  top: calc(100% + 4px);
+  left: 0;
   z-index: var(--z-dropdown);
   display: flex;
   flex-direction: column;
@@ -163,19 +165,18 @@
   border: 0;
   padding: 0;
   background: none;
-  color: var(--color-text-muted);
+  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
   font-size: 0.72rem;
   text-align: right;
-  opacity: 0.6;
   cursor: pointer;
 }
 
 .ss-toolbar__formula-hint:hover {
-  opacity: 1;
+  color: var(--color-text-body);
 }
 
 .ss-toolbar__formula-hint-detail {
-  color: var(--color-text-muted);
+  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
   font-size: 0.68rem;
   text-align: right;
 }
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_toolbar.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_toolbar.ts
index e736c526..5ff07182 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_toolbar.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_toolbar.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
  * ========================================================================== */
 
 import { createButton, el } from "@ui/ui_template_elements";
+import { confirmMerge } from "./spreadsheet_actions";
 import { colName, rangeToA1, toA1 } from "./spreadsheet_address";
 import { cellToText, textToCell } from "./spreadsheet_editor";
 import { st } from "./spreadsheet_text";
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ export function mountToolbar(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): PartHandle {
   }) as HTMLInputElement;
   sizeInput.addEventListener("change", () => {
     const n = Number(sizeInput.value);
-    patch({ 크기: sizeInput.value && Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0 ? n : null });
+    patch({ 크기: sizeInput.value && Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0 ? Math.min(n, 409) : null });
   });
 
   // ── 굵게 · 기울임 · 밑줄 · 취소선 ──────────────────────────────────────
@@ -240,10 +241,11 @@ export function mountToolbar(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): PartHandle {
 
   // ── 병합 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   const mergeBtn = createButton({ label: st("Merge"), variant: "ghost" });
-  mergeBtn.addEventListener("click", () => {
+  mergeBtn.addEventListener("click", async () => {
     const range = ctx.selection.범위[0];
     if (!range) return;
     const merged = (ctx.sheet().병합 ?? []).includes(rangeToA1(range));
+    if (!merged && !(await confirmMerge(ctx, range))) return;
     ctx.dispatch({ 종류: merged ? "병합풀기" : "병합", 시트: ctx.selection.시트, 범위: range });
   });
 
@@ -503,7 +505,7 @@ export function mountToolbar(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): PartHandle {
     textColor.value = style.글자색 ?? "#000000";
     fillColor.value = style.채움 ?? "#ffffff";
     hAlignSelect.value = style.가로 ?? "general";
-    vAlignSelect.value = style.세로 ?? "top";
+    vAlignSelect.value = style.세로 ?? "bottom";
     wrapBtn.classList.toggle("is-on", !!style.줄바꿈);
     numfmtInput.value = style.형식 ?? "";
     const range = ctx.selection.범위[0];
diff --git a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_view_menu.ts b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_view_menu.ts
index c2436459..4302401d 100644
--- a/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_view_menu.ts
+++ b/A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_view_menu.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
  * 단추 아래 작은 메뉴가 뜸.
  * ========================================================================== */
 
-import { createButton, createInputField, el } from "@ui/ui_template_elements";
+import { createButton, createInputField, el, showToast } from "@ui/ui_template_elements";
+import { dialogKeys } from "./spreadsheet_actions";
 import { parseRange, rangeToA1 } from "./spreadsheet_address";
 import type { CellRange } from "./spreadsheet_types";
 import type { SpreadsheetContext } from "./spreadsheet_view_types";
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ export function openGoToDialog(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): void {
   );
   overlay.append(panel);
   document.body.append(overlay);
+  dialogKeys(overlay, close);
   addressField.input.focus();
   addressField.input.select();
 }
@@ -135,6 +137,13 @@ export function freezeFirstColumn(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): void {
 /** 활성 칸의 왼위 자리를 기준으로 그 위 · 왼쪽을 고정(활성 칸이 A1 이면 사실상 풀기와 같음). */
 export function freezeAtActiveCell(ctx: SpreadsheetContext): void {
   const at = ctx.selection.활성;
+  // 고정 판이 격자를 거의 다 덮으면 나머지가 안 움직임(시트 머리부터 고정) — 화면 안쪽 칸만
+  const box = ctx.grid.cellBox(at.r, at.c);
+  const g = ctx.grid.root;
+  if (box.y > g.clientHeight * 0.8 || box.x > g.clientWidth * 0.8) {
+    showToast("고정할 칸이 너무 아래 · 오른쪽 — 화면 안쪽 칸에서 고정할 것", "warning");
+    return;
+  }
   ctx.dispatch({ 종류: "틀고정", 시트: ctx.selection.시트, 행: at.r, 열: at.c });
 }
 
diff --git a/resources/tester/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_b_test_entry.ts b/resources/tester/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_b_test_entry.ts
index 004fe333..5e65a6b0 100644
--- a/resources/tester/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_b_test_entry.ts
+++ b/resources/tester/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_b_test_entry.ts
@@ -414,6 +414,7 @@ ok("0.00", fmt(frac(BigInt(150), 100n), "0.00") === "1.50", fmt(frac(150n, 100n)
 ok("#,##0", fmt(frac(1234567n), "#,##0") === "1,234,567", fmt(frac(1234567n), "#,##0"));
 ok("천 나눔 끝쉼표", fmt(frac(1234000n), "#,##0,") === "1,234", fmt(frac(1234000n), "#,##0,"));
 ok("퍼센트", fmt(frac(50n, 100n), "0%") === "50%", fmt(frac(50n, 100n), "0%"));
+ok("글 형식(@) 수는 일반으로", fmt(frac(2200n), "@") === "2200", fmt(frac(2200n), "@"));
 
 // 실무 구조도 xlsx 세 벌 실측 코드(2026-09-27 대조) — 회귀 방지.
 ok(
diff --git a/resources/tester/spreadsheet/test_stage3_autosum.ts b/resources/tester/spreadsheet/test_stage3_autosum.ts
index f0736521..8b32856d 100644
--- a/resources/tester/spreadsheet/test_stage3_autosum.ts
+++ b/resources/tester/spreadsheet/test_stage3_autosum.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,19 @@
  * test_stage3_autosum.ts — spreadsheet_autosum 시험. 돌리기: npx tsx <이 파일>.
  * ========================================================================== */
 
-import { applyAutoSum, autoSumRange } from "../../../A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_autosum.ts";
-import { assertEqual, fracLiteral, makeBook, makeCtx, makeSheet } from "./test_stage2_helpers.ts";
+import {
+  applyAutoSum,
+  autoSumCells,
+  autoSumRange,
+} from "../../../A00_Common/spreadsheet/spreadsheet_autosum.ts";
+import {
+  assertEqual,
+  fracLiteral,
+  makeBook,
+  makeCtx,
+  makeSheet,
+  v,
+} from "./test_stage2_helpers.ts";
 
 // 위로 연속 숫자 셋 — A1,A2,A3 숫자 · A4(활성) 빈칸
 const sheet = makeSheet("s1", {});
@@ -56,5 +67,22 @@ assertEqual(
   "고른 범위 안에서 활성 위만 잡음",
 );
 
+// 여러 칸을 고른 채 Σ — 고른 칸을 덮지 않고 열마다 바로 아래 빈 칸에 합계(엑셀)
+const colSheet = makeSheet("s2", { B1: v(1), B2: v(2), C1: v(3), C2: v(4), C3: v(9) });
+const ctxCols = makeCtx(makeBook([colSheet]), "s2");
+ctxCols.selection.활성 = { r: 0, c: 1 };
+ctxCols.selection.범위 = [{ r0: 0, c0: 1, r1: 1, c1: 2 }];
+assertEqual(
+  autoSumCells(ctxCols),
+  { B3: { 식: "SUM(B1:B2)" } },
+  "열마다 아래 빈 칸 · 찬 칸(C3)은 안 덮음",
+);
+ctxCols.selection.범위 = [{ r0: 0, c0: 1, r1: 2, c1: 1 }];
+assertEqual(autoSumCells(ctxCols), { B3: { 식: "SUM(B1:B2)" } }, "고름 끝이 빈 칸이면 그 칸에");
+ctxCols.selection.범위 = [{ r0: 0, c0: 1, r1: 0, c1: 2 }];
+assertEqual(autoSumCells(ctxCols), { D1: { 식: "SUM(B1:C1)" } }, "한 행이면 오른쪽 끝 다음 칸에");
+ctxCols.selection.범위 = [{ r0: 0, c0: 1, r1: 0, c1: 1 }];
+assertEqual(autoSumCells(ctxCols), null, "한 칸이면 null(편집으로 엶)");
+
 if (process.exitCode) process.exit(process.exitCode);
 console.log("spreadsheet_autosum 시험 끝");
diff --git a/ui_template/ui_template_context_menu.ts b/ui_template/ui_template_context_menu.ts
index 3998986c..60ebf277 100644
--- a/ui_template/ui_template_context_menu.ts
+++ b/ui_template/ui_template_context_menu.ts
@@ -45,6 +45,17 @@ function bindGlobalClose(): void {
     },
     true,
   );
+  // Esc 도 열린 메뉴를 닫음 — 메뉴가 열렸을 때만 키를 먹음(편집 취소 등 아래로 안 샘)
+  document.addEventListener(
+    "keydown",
+    (event) => {
+      if (event.key !== "Escape" || !openMenus.size) return;
+      openMenus.forEach((menu) => menu.close());
+      event.stopPropagation();
+      event.preventDefault();
+    },
+    true,
+  );
 }
 
 /** `blockClass`는 페이지 CSS 블록명(예: `b04-map`, `b05-drainage`). */
@@ -119,6 +130,12 @@ export function createMapContextMenu(blockClass: string): MapContextMenu {
       element.style.left = `${x}px`;
       element.style.top = `${y}px`;
       element.hidden = false;
+      // 화면 밖으로 나가면 안쪽으로 당김(오른쪽 · 아래 끝에서 연 메뉴)
+      const box = element.getBoundingClientRect();
+      const dx = Math.max(0, box.right - window.innerWidth + 4);
+      const dy = Math.max(0, box.bottom - window.innerHeight + 4);
+      if (dx) element.style.left = `${Math.max(x - dx, x - box.left)}px`;
+      if (dy) element.style.top = `${Math.max(y - dy, y - box.top)}px`;
     },
     close,
     contains: (target) => target instanceof Node && element.contains(target),