diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_400_profile_carry.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_400_profile_carry.cjs
index 824a8ad56..ca1b3a339 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_400_profile_carry.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_400_profile_carry.cjs
@@ -3,21 +3,19 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
 function loadTs(file, stubs = {}) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(path.join(ROOT, file), "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
-    throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
+  return makeLoader({
+    root: ROOT,
+    cache: false,
+    requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
+      if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
+      throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
+    },
+  }).loadTs(path.join(ROOT, file));
 }
 
 const straightJudge = loadTs("B05_Profile/logic/B05_Profile_Profile_Straight.ts");
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_401_routeedit_pan.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_401_routeedit_pan.cjs
index 115b910f4..6232d2ac4 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_401_routeedit_pan.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_401_routeedit_pan.cjs
@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 function memoryStorage() {
   const map = new Map();
@@ -23,23 +22,14 @@ globalThis.localStorage = globalThis.window.localStorage;
 
 const STUBS = { "@ui/ui_template_palette": { themeColor: (_name, fallback) => fallback } };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const input = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Input.ts"));
 const rotateMod = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Rotate.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_409_2_plan_release_form.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_409_2_plan_release_form.cjs
index a585c4219..beb2cbf8f 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_409_2_plan_release_form.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_409_2_plan_release_form.cjs
@@ -5,19 +5,17 @@
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const ts = require(path.join(ROOT, "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 function loadTs(file, stubs = {}) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(path.join(ROOT, file), "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
-    throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request}`);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
+  return makeLoader({
+    root: ROOT,
+    cache: false,
+    requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
+      if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
+      throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request}`);
+    },
+  }).loadTs(path.join(ROOT, file));
 }
 
 globalThis.window = { addEventListener() {}, removeEventListener() {} };
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_410_follow_xy.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_410_follow_xy.cjs
index 089cc32fb..581629080 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_410_follow_xy.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_410_follow_xy.cjs
@@ -5,21 +5,19 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
 function loadTs(file, stubs = {}) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(path.join(ROOT, file), "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
-    throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
+  return makeLoader({
+    root: ROOT,
+    cache: false,
+    requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
+      if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
+      throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
+    },
+  }).loadTs(path.join(ROOT, file));
 }
 
 const catalog = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_415_h2.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_415_h2.cjs
index abb5e8364..185d2370c 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_415_h2.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_415_h2.cjs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * 입력 argv[2] JSON · argv[3] 격자 이진 · 결과 = 표준출력 JSON. 짝 = `test_415_page_split.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -45,15 +45,9 @@ globalThis.fetch = (url, init) =>
   });
 
 const STUBS = {};
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { load, loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
@@ -62,11 +56,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
-const load = (...parts) => loadTs(path.join(ROOT, ...parts));
+  },
+});
 
 const sampler = load("common_util", "common_util_surface_sampler.ts");
 const bytes = fs.readFileSync(process.argv[3]);
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_416_page_cache.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_416_page_cache.cjs
index 3f5d5f893..4f1881d64 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_416_page_cache.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_416_page_cache.cjs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -96,35 +96,23 @@ const STUBS = {
   "config_frontend.ts": anyModule({ PIPE_TYPES: [] }),
 };
 
-const cache = new Map();
 const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
   ) ?? `${base}.ts`;
-function loadTs(full) {
-  const stub = STUBS[path.basename(full)];
-  if (stub) return stub;
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const near = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  fileStub: (full) => STUBS[path.basename(full)],
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const alias = { "@util/": "common_util", "@ui/": "ui_template", "@config/": "config" };
     for (const [prefix, dir] of Object.entries(alias))
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, near);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const store = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B06_Section", "B06_Section_Section_Store.ts"));
 const pageRoute = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "design", "design_page_route.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_421_2_violation_lines.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_421_2_violation_lines.cjs
index 0141d7cc7..7aee5d3cc 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_421_2_violation_lines.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_421_2_violation_lines.cjs
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 function memoryStorage() {
   const map = new Map();
@@ -27,26 +26,17 @@ globalThis.fetch = () => Promise.resolve({ ok: false });
 
 const STUBS = { "@ui/ui_template_palette": { themeColor: (_name, fallback) => fallback } };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.endsWith(".css")) return {};
     if (request.startsWith("@ui/"))
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "ui_template", `${request.slice(4)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const model = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Initial_Model.ts"));
 
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_421_profile_toggle.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_421_profile_toggle.cjs
index fc4a3f6bd..564e807c1 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_421_profile_toggle.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_421_profile_toggle.cjs
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 function memoryStorage() {
   const map = new Map();
@@ -27,26 +26,17 @@ globalThis.fetch = () => Promise.resolve({ ok: false });
 
 const STUBS = { "@ui/ui_template_palette": { themeColor: (_name, fallback) => fallback } };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.endsWith(".css")) return {};
     if (request.startsWith("@ui/"))
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "ui_template", `${request.slice(4)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const model = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Initial_Model.ts"));
 
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_426_profile_straight.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_426_profile_straight.cjs
index e94097ecd..74227b793 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_426_profile_straight.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_426_profile_straight.cjs
@@ -5,25 +5,12 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-    return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+});
 
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
 const align = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_UI_Profile_Alignment.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_430_route_edit_rules.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_430_route_edit_rules.cjs
index 7632c8f85..accb0e8ee 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_430_route_edit_rules.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_430_route_edit_rules.cjs
@@ -5,28 +5,18 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
-const cache = new Map();
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`))
-      : require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request),
+});
 
 const edits = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Edits.ts"));
 const nudge = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_RouteEdit_KeyNudge.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_432_1_curve_law.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_432_1_curve_law.cjs
index 36b1c3350..44f3a5530 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_432_1_curve_law.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_432_1_curve_law.cjs
@@ -4,25 +4,12 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-    return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+});
 
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
 const align = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_UI_Profile_Alignment.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_449_save_pipes.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_449_save_pipes.cjs
index 7d2f4d16f..03a3bea5f 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_449_save_pipes.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_449_save_pipes.cjs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Node 로 · 서버 창구 · 계획고 초안 · 노선 편집 창구만 가짜. 짝 = `test_449_save_pipes.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -27,15 +27,9 @@ globalThis.window = {
 };
 
 const STUBS = { "/design_leave": { designSignature: () => "", markDesignClean: () => undefined } };
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { load, loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
@@ -44,11 +38,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
-const load = (...parts) => loadTs(path.join(ROOT, ...parts));
+  },
+});
 
 let calls = [];
 let failAt = null; // 이 차례에서 throw
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_451_drop_cross.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_451_drop_cross.cjs
index 8b6deb3f7..731eb7513 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_451_drop_cross.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_451_drop_cross.cjs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * 입력 argv[2] JSON · argv[3] 격자 이진 · 결과 = 표준출력 JSON. 짝 = `test_451_drop_cross.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -45,15 +45,9 @@ globalThis.fetch = (url, init) =>
   });
 
 const STUBS = {};
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { load, loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
@@ -62,11 +56,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
-const load = (...parts) => loadTs(path.join(ROOT, ...parts));
+  },
+});
 // 상세 가게 칸(472-5) — 실제는 상세 가게가 받을 때 채움 · 여기선 종단도가 내주는 저장 상세 그대로
 const slots = () => load("B06_Section", "B06_Section_Section_Canon.ts");
 
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_451_refresh_hold.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_451_refresh_hold.cjs
index f090d9f7c..0e5168b9c 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_451_refresh_hold.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_451_refresh_hold.cjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -85,30 +85,19 @@ const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
   ) ?? `${base}.ts`;
-function loadTs(full) {
-  const stub = STUBS[path.basename(full)];
-  if (stub) return stub;
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const near = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  fileStub: (full) => STUBS[path.basename(full)],
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const alias = { "@util/": "common_util", "@ui/": "ui_template", "@config/": "config" };
     for (const [prefix, dir] of Object.entries(alias))
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, near);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 let store = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B06_Section", "B06_Section_Section_Store.ts"));
 const state = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "b_page_state.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_451_session_canon.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_451_session_canon.cjs
index 80e16b9e2..3a11f3709 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_451_session_canon.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_451_session_canon.cjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -77,35 +77,23 @@ const STUBS = {
   "config_frontend.ts": anyModule({ PIPE_TYPES: [] }),
 };
 
-const cache = new Map();
 const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
   ) ?? `${base}.ts`;
-function loadTs(full) {
-  const stub = STUBS[path.basename(full)];
-  if (stub) return stub;
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const near = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  fileStub: (full) => STUBS[path.basename(full)],
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const alias = { "@util/": "common_util", "@ui/": "ui_template", "@config/": "config" };
     for (const [prefix, dir] of Object.entries(alias))
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, near);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const store = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B06_Section", "B06_Section_Section_Store.ts"));
 const state = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "b_page_state.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_453_plan_pick_draft.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_453_plan_pick_draft.cjs
index c19499898..31d13ffc5 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_453_plan_pick_draft.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_453_plan_pick_draft.cjs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 const data = new Map();
@@ -27,23 +27,14 @@ const STUBS = {
   "@ui/ui_template_palette": { themeColor: (_name, fallback) => fallback },
   "@util/common_util_svg": { stationLabel: (c, i) => `No.${Math.round(c / i)}` },
 };
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(`${path.resolve(path.dirname(full), request)}.ts`);
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 const page = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile");
 const input = loadTs(path.join(page, "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Input.ts"));
 const edit = loadTs(path.join(page, "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_History.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_454_arrow_station_step.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_454_arrow_station_step.cjs
index fd8ac2627..4dbcef29e 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_454_arrow_station_step.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_454_arrow_station_step.cjs
@@ -4,27 +4,17 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`))
-      : require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request),
+});
 
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
 const fit = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_RouteEdit_StationFit.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_455_arrow_auto_radius.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_455_arrow_auto_radius.cjs
index 1210f49fe..70b4ee029 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_455_arrow_auto_radius.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_455_arrow_auto_radius.cjs
@@ -4,26 +4,12 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-    return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+});
 
 const align = loadTs(
   path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic", "B05_Profile_UI_Profile_Alignment.ts"),
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_455_old_policy.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_455_old_policy.cjs
index b4b2519b2..87c08b99e 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_455_old_policy.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_455_old_policy.cjs
@@ -4,25 +4,12 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-    return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+});
 
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
 const data = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_UI_Profile_Data.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_466_pipe_move_options.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_466_pipe_move_options.cjs
index 101b18c99..316c72d8f 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_466_pipe_move_options.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_466_pipe_move_options.cjs
@@ -3,23 +3,21 @@
  * 표준출력 JSON 한 벌 · 짝 = test_466_pipe_move_options.py. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs"); // 구조물 표(322-1)
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
 function loadTs(file, stubs = {}) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(file, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
-    if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
-    throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request}`);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
+  return makeLoader({
+    root: ROOT,
+    cache: false,
+    requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
+      if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
+      if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
+      throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request}`);
+    },
+  }).loadTs(file);
 }
 
 // 세션(structure-pick) — 메모리 한 벌
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_472_5c_drop_once.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_472_5c_drop_once.cjs
index 64917ad12..636fdfc77 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_472_5c_drop_once.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_472_5c_drop_once.cjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * 입력 argv[2] JSON · argv[3] 격자 이진 · 결과 = 표준출력 JSON. 짝 = `test_472_5c_drop_once.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -55,15 +55,9 @@ STUBS["B05_Profile_UI_Profile_History"] = new Proxy(
   },
   { get: (target, key) => (key in target ? target[key] : () => undefined) },
 );
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { load, loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
@@ -72,11 +66,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
-const load = (...parts) => loadTs(path.join(ROOT, ...parts));
+  },
+});
 // 상세 가게 칸(472-5) — 실제는 상세 가게가 받을 때 채움 · 여기선 종단도가 내주는 저장 상세 그대로
 const slots = () => load("B06_Section", "B06_Section_Section_Canon.ts");
 
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_472_d_b05_pipe_undo.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_472_d_b05_pipe_undo.cjs
index 4a2d65aa9..01d041c54 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_472_d_b05_pipe_undo.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_472_d_b05_pipe_undo.cjs
@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 const listeners = {};
 const storage = () => {
@@ -54,24 +53,15 @@ const STUBS = {
   },
 };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request) ? CATALOG : null) ??
     STUBS[request] ??
     (request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`))
-      : require(request));
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request)),
+});
 
 const store = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "design", "design_store.ts"));
 const tools = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_Profile_Panel_Tools.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_473_lane_ready.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_473_lane_ready.cjs
index 9a8986bc7..3db3902a4 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_473_lane_ready.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_473_lane_ready.cjs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const ts = require(path.join(ROOT, "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require(path.join(__dirname, "helper_322_catalog_module.cjs"));
 
 function memoryStorage() {
@@ -39,25 +39,15 @@ const STUBS = {
   "B06_Section_UI_Page_Persist.ts": anyModule({ bermSpansFromStructures: () => [] }),
 };
 
-const cache = new Map();
 const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
   ) ?? `${base}.ts`;
-function loadTs(full) {
-  const stub = STUBS[path.basename(full)];
-  if (stub) return stub;
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const near = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  fileStub: (full) => STUBS[path.basename(full)],
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     if (request.endsWith(".json"))
       return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(path.dirname(full), request), "utf8"));
@@ -66,10 +56,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, near);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const design = path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "design");
 const { createFacilityLane } = loadTs(path.join(design, "design_facility_lane.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_476_1_flatten.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_476_1_flatten.cjs
index 55402bede..2d752e640 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_476_1_flatten.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_476_1_flatten.cjs
@@ -5,27 +5,17 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`))
-      : require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request),
+});
 
 const edits = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic", "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Edits.ts"));
 const body = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(process.argv[2], "utf8"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_476_2_initial_profile.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_476_2_initial_profile.cjs
index 74dc83276..5da70b77c 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_476_2_initial_profile.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_476_2_initial_profile.cjs
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 function memoryStorage() {
   const map = new Map();
@@ -27,26 +26,17 @@ globalThis.fetch = () => Promise.resolve({ ok: false });
 
 const STUBS = { "@ui/ui_template_palette": { themeColor: (_name, fallback) => fallback } };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.endsWith(".css")) return {};
     if (request.startsWith("@ui/"))
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "ui_template", `${request.slice(4)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const model = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Initial_Model.ts"));
 const prof = loadTs(
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_493_3_follow_steps.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_493_3_follow_steps.cjs
index d2be8d33f..848c76219 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_493_3_follow_steps.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_493_3_follow_steps.cjs
@@ -7,21 +7,19 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
 function loadTs(file, stubs = {}) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(path.join(ROOT, file), "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
-    throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
+  return makeLoader({
+    root: ROOT,
+    cache: false,
+    requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
+      if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
+      throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
+    },
+  }).loadTs(path.join(ROOT, file));
 }
 
 const catalog = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_54_10_soil_tiers.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_54_10_soil_tiers.cjs
index b75a8794b..22f7f2c14 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_54_10_soil_tiers.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_54_10_soil_tiers.cjs
@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs"); // 구조물 표(322-1)
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 // ── 화면 그릇 흉내 — 태그 · 클래스 · data 만 ─────────────────────────────────
 class FakeNode {
@@ -97,25 +96,16 @@ const STUBS = {
   "../../B05_Profile/B05_Profile_UI_Structures_Summary_Row": { buildSummaryRow: () => null },
 };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.startsWith("@util/"))
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const out = {};
 
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_54_12_live_required.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_54_12_live_required.cjs
index 7d322b0db..c98033e58 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_54_12_live_required.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_54_12_live_required.cjs
@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs"); // 구조물 표(322-1)
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 const session = new Map();
 const fakeStorage = {
   getItem: (k) => session.get(k) ?? null,
@@ -23,25 +22,16 @@ const STUBS = {
   "./ui_template_checkbox.css": {},
 };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith("@")) return new Proxy({}, { get: () => () => {} });
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const { commit } = loadTs(
   path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_Structures_Panel_Commit.ts"),