diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_344_3_pipeline_stations.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_344_3_pipeline_stations.cjs
index b7508c923..05864f5d3 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_344_3_pipeline_stations.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_344_3_pipeline_stations.cjs
@@ -4,26 +4,13 @@
  * 짝 = `test_344_3_pipeline_stations_mirror.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs"); // 구조물 표(322-1)
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
-    if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-    return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+});
 
 const logic = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic", "B05_Profile_Sections_Stations.ts"));
 const stage = loadTs(
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_344_4_design_pipeline.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_344_4_design_pipeline.cjs
index 19e39415b..b2b9ce1c3 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_344_4_design_pipeline.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_344_4_design_pipeline.cjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * 짝 = `test_344_4_design_pipeline.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
@@ -24,23 +24,13 @@ const session = memoryStorage();
 globalThis.window = { sessionStorage: session, localStorage: memoryStorage() };
 globalThis.fetch = async () => ({ ok: false });
 
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`))
-      : require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request),
+});
 
 const DESIGN = path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "design");
 const pipeMod = loadTs(path.join(DESIGN, "logic/design_pipeline.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_345_2_3d_modal.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_345_2_3d_modal.cjs
index 2bda4f7c1..c0732987d 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_345_2_3d_modal.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_345_2_3d_modal.cjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
@@ -78,15 +78,11 @@ const STUBS = {
   },
 };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(file, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => STUBS[request] ?? require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  cache: false,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => STUBS[request] ?? require(request),
+});
 
 const { createViewer3dModal } = loadTs(
   path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "design", "design_view_profile_3d_modal.ts"),
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_345_3_undo_owner.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_345_3_undo_owner.cjs
index 2dd4a7671..4c3ddce37 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_345_3_undo_owner.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_345_3_undo_owner.cjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 const listeners = {};
@@ -14,22 +14,13 @@ global.window = {
 };
 const fire = (type, event) => [...(listeners[type] ?? [])].forEach((fn) => fn(event));
 
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(`${path.resolve(path.dirname(full), request)}.ts`)
-      : require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request),
+});
 
 const page = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile");
 const { bindHistoryControls } = loadTs(path.join(page, "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_History.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_346_1_pipeline_page.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_346_1_pipeline_page.cjs
index ab9a7dc42..48f7f6f75 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_346_1_pipeline_page.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_346_1_pipeline_page.cjs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  * 결과 = 표준출력 JSON 한 벌. 짝 = `test_346_1_pipeline_page.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -28,15 +28,9 @@ globalThis.window = { sessionStorage: session, localStorage: memoryStorage() };
 globalThis.fetch = async () => ({ ok: false });
 
 const STUBS = {};
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { load, loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
@@ -44,11 +38,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
-const load = (...parts) => loadTs(path.join(ROOT, ...parts));
+  },
+});
 
 const sampler = load("common_util", "common_util_surface_sampler.ts");
 const bytes = fs.readFileSync(process.argv[3]);
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_346_2_draft_cross_pills.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_346_2_draft_cross_pills.cjs
index c51153bc2..8c25fc387 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_346_2_draft_cross_pills.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_346_2_draft_cross_pills.cjs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  * 결과 = 표준출력 JSON. 짝 = `test_346_2_draft_cross_pills.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 const P = "p3463";
@@ -63,15 +63,9 @@ const STUBS = {
   },
 };
 
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { load, loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
     if (request.endsWith("config_frontend") || request.startsWith("@config/"))
@@ -80,11 +74,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
-const load = (...parts) => loadTs(path.join(ROOT, ...parts));
+  },
+});
 
 const pipeMod = load("A00_Common", "design", "logic", "design_pipeline.ts");
 const storeMod = load("A00_Common", "design", "design_store.ts");
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_346_3_route_save.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_346_3_route_save.cjs
index 35d83f333..0b860674c 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_346_3_route_save.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_346_3_route_save.cjs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
@@ -70,23 +70,14 @@ const STUBS = {
   },
 };
 
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const { useDesignStore } = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "design", "design_store.ts"));
 const { readState, writeState } = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "b_page_state.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_346_4_design_leave.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_346_4_design_leave.cjs
index 57b410461..16a4eb96f 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_346_4_design_leave.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_346_4_design_leave.cjs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
@@ -59,21 +59,17 @@ const STUBS = {
   },
 };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(file, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  cache: false,
+  requireFor: (full, file) => (request) => {
     if (request in STUBS) return STUBS[request];
     if (request === "@ui/ui_template_window_watch")
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "ui_template", "ui_template_window_watch.ts"));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(file), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const leave = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "design", "design_leave.ts"));
 const P = "p1";
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_346_4_one_undo.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_346_4_one_undo.cjs
index 198db7c34..5a1308058 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_346_4_one_undo.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_346_4_one_undo.cjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 const data = new Map();
@@ -24,22 +24,13 @@ win.sessionStorage = globalThis.sessionStorage;
 win.localStorage = { getItem: (k) => (k === "frd_current_project_id" ? "p1" : null) }; // 연 프로젝트(387-1)
 globalThis.window = win;
 
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(`${path.resolve(path.dirname(full), request)}.ts`)
-      : require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request),
+});
 const page = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile");
 const album = loadTs(path.join(page, "B05_Profile_UI_Profile_History.ts"));
 const edit = loadTs(path.join(page, "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_History.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_347_2_drainage_live.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_347_2_drainage_live.cjs
index ab70c09ca..22dc10d7c 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_347_2_drainage_live.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_347_2_drainage_live.cjs
@@ -3,18 +3,15 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(file, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, require);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  cache: false,
+  requireFor: () => require,
+});
 
 const live = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic", "B05_Profile_Drainage_Live.ts"));
 const sug = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic", "B05_Profile_Drainage_Suggest.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_352_3_terrain.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_352_3_terrain.cjs
index 1bb86fc36..6c2dea39c 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_352_3_terrain.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_352_3_terrain.cjs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * 결과 = 표준출력 JSON 한 벌. 짝 = `test_352_3_analysis_terrain_default.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 const store = new Map();
@@ -17,22 +17,14 @@ const STUBS = {
   common_util_surface_sampler: { heightAt: () => 0 },
   B05_Profile_Api_TerrainGrid: { loadDesignTerrainGrid: async () => null },
 };
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 const api = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_Api_Replan.ts"));
 
 const out = {};
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_355_1_pivot_tilt.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_355_1_pivot_tilt.cjs
index 206f98170..a3af56928 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_355_1_pivot_tilt.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_355_1_pivot_tilt.cjs
@@ -6,26 +6,12 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-    return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+});
 
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
 const align = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_UI_Profile_Alignment.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_356_4_undo_grade.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_356_4_undo_grade.cjs
index db10665fc..96f614fcf 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_356_4_undo_grade.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_356_4_undo_grade.cjs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * argv[4] = "off" 면 되살림 표시를 끔(옛 동작 대조). 결과 = 표준출력 JSON. 짝 = `test_356_4_undo_grade.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -53,14 +53,9 @@ globalThis.fetch = (url, init) =>
 
 const STUBS = {};
 const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { load, loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
@@ -72,11 +67,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
-const load = (...parts) => loadTs(path.join(ROOT, ...parts));
+  },
+});
 
 const sampler = load("common_util", "common_util_surface_sampler.ts");
 const bytes = fs.readFileSync(process.argv[3]);
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_356_center.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_356_center.cjs
index dc89b9094..8255df5cc 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_356_center.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_356_center.cjs
@@ -4,10 +4,9 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 const STUBS = {
   "@ui/ui_template_toast": { showToast: () => undefined },
   "@ui/ui_template_elements": { showToast: () => undefined },
@@ -124,24 +123,10 @@ globalThis.document = {
 };
 globalThis.window = { setTimeout, clearTimeout, addEventListener: () => {} };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  if (full.endsWith(".json")) {
-    const data = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"));
-    cache.set(full, data);
-    return data;
-  }
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.endsWith(".css")) return {};
     const alias = { "@util/": "common_util", "@ui/": "ui_template", "@config/": "config" };
@@ -149,11 +134,8 @@ function loadTs(file) {
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_365_page_pipeline.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_365_page_pipeline.cjs
index fc23318d8..34613542d 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_365_page_pipeline.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_365_page_pipeline.cjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * 짝 = `test_365_page_pipeline.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -46,15 +46,9 @@ globalThis.fetch = (url, init) =>
   });
 
 const STUBS = {};
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { load, loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
@@ -63,11 +57,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
-const load = (...parts) => loadTs(path.join(ROOT, ...parts));
+  },
+});
 // 상세 가게 칸(472-5) — 실제는 상세 가게가 받을 때 채움 · 여기선 종단도가 내주는 저장 상세 그대로
 const slots = () => load("B06_Section", "B06_Section_Section_Canon.ts");
 /** 이 시험은 묶음 여럿(P · Q · B)이 같은 종단도 흉내를 씀 — 칸 = 지금 연 프로젝트. */
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_366_3_station_fit.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_366_3_station_fit.cjs
index ca331318d..4b704f503 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_366_3_station_fit.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_366_3_station_fit.cjs
@@ -4,27 +4,17 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`))
-      : require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request),
+});
 
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
 const fit = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_RouteEdit_StationFit.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_368_4_probe_station.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_368_4_probe_station.cjs
index 66a051959..8f36024d0 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_368_4_probe_station.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_368_4_probe_station.cjs
@@ -3,26 +3,13 @@
  * 입력 argv[2] JSON {line, curves, pipes, structures, types, at: [m...]} · 짝 = test_368_4_probe_station.py. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
-    if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-    return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+});
 
 const logic = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic", "B05_Profile_Sections_Stations.ts"));
 const station = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", "common_util_structure_station.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_370_2_toe_stop.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_370_2_toe_stop.cjs
index 29ba90f41..8eb0b2ed9 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_370_2_toe_stop.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_370_2_toe_stop.cjs
@@ -4,10 +4,9 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 const STUBS = {
   "@ui/ui_template_toast": { showToast: () => undefined },
   "@ui/ui_template_elements": { showToast: () => undefined },
@@ -116,24 +115,10 @@ globalThis.document = {
 };
 globalThis.window = { setTimeout, clearTimeout, addEventListener: () => {} };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  if (full.endsWith(".json")) {
-    const data = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"));
-    cache.set(full, data);
-    return data;
-  }
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.endsWith(".css")) return {};
     const alias = { "@util/": "common_util", "@ui/": "ui_template", "@config/": "config" };
@@ -141,11 +126,8 @@ function loadTs(file) {
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_370_3_rock_cell.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_370_3_rock_cell.cjs
index 24995d42f..86f44d5af 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_370_3_rock_cell.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_370_3_rock_cell.cjs
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 class Node {
   constructor(tag) {
@@ -84,22 +83,13 @@ const key = (name) =>
     fn({ key: name, target: null, preventDefault: () => undefined }),
   );
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const req = (r) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (r) =>
     r.startsWith("@util/")
       ? loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${r.slice(6)}.ts`))
-      : loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${r}.ts`));
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, req);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${r}.ts`)),
+});
 globalThis.Element = Node;
 
 const pick = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B06_Section", "B06_Section_UI_Cross_Design_Pick.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_371_2_pipe_slope.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_371_2_pipe_slope.cjs
index 23be4ef11..fd4d9d855 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_371_2_pipe_slope.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_371_2_pipe_slope.cjs
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 const noop = new Proxy({}, { get: () => () => "" });
 
 /** 아주 작은 SVG 가짜 — 글 자리 판정에 쓰는 것만(class 고르기 · 속성 · 부모). */
@@ -47,26 +46,20 @@ class El {
 }
 globalThis.document = { addEventListener: () => undefined, createElementNS: (_ns, t) => new El(t) };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  if (full.endsWith(".json")) return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"));
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const resolve = (base) =>
-    fs.existsSync(base) && fs.statSync(base).isFile() ? base : `${base}.ts`;
-  const req = (r) => {
-    if (r.startsWith("@ui/") || r.startsWith("@config/")) return noop;
-    if (r.startsWith("@util/")) return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", r.slice(6))));
-    return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), r)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, req);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => {
+    const resolve = (base) =>
+      fs.existsSync(base) && fs.statSync(base).isFile() ? base : `${base}.ts`;
+    const req = (r) => {
+      if (r.startsWith("@ui/") || r.startsWith("@config/")) return noop;
+      if (r.startsWith("@util/"))
+        return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", r.slice(6))));
+      return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), r)));
+    };
+    return req;
+  },
+});
 
 const { computeCulvertLayout } = loadTs(
   path.join(ROOT, "B06_Section", "B06_Section_UI_Cross_Culvert_Geom.ts"),
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_380_2_site_station.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_380_2_site_station.cjs
index 33eaf4a12..d2dd6ae2c 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_380_2_site_station.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_380_2_site_station.cjs
@@ -3,21 +3,19 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
 function loadTs(file, stubs = {}) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(path.join(ROOT, file), "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
-    throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
+  return makeLoader({
+    root: ROOT,
+    cache: false,
+    requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
+      if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
+      throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
+    },
+  }).loadTs(path.join(ROOT, file));
 }
 
 const input = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(process.argv[2], "utf8"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_380_3_site_follow.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_380_3_site_follow.cjs
index e8e70aeec..46d040a82 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_380_3_site_follow.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_380_3_site_follow.cjs
@@ -3,21 +3,19 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
 function loadTs(file, stubs = {}) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(path.join(ROOT, file), "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
-    throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
+  return makeLoader({
+    root: ROOT,
+    cache: false,
+    requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
+      if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
+      throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
+    },
+  }).loadTs(path.join(ROOT, file));
 }
 
 const input = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(process.argv[2], "utf8"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_383_2_key_nudge.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_383_2_key_nudge.cjs
index 04ce20c3e..01e6b70fa 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_383_2_key_nudge.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_383_2_key_nudge.cjs
@@ -3,27 +3,17 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`))
-      : require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request),
+});
 
 const nudge = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic", "B05_Profile_RouteEdit_KeyNudge.ts"));
 
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_384_4_adjusts.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_384_4_adjusts.cjs
index 9a4a46c6e..5ae01db00 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_384_4_adjusts.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_384_4_adjusts.cjs
@@ -3,26 +3,16 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs"); // 구조물 표(322-1)
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 const STUBS = { "@ui/ui_template_toast": { showToast: () => undefined } };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     const alias = { "@util/": "common_util", "@ui/": "ui_template", "@config/": "config" };
@@ -30,11 +20,8 @@ function loadTs(file) {
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_387_4b_pipe_options.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_387_4b_pipe_options.cjs
index 20a705a44..af8cf6a80 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_387_4b_pipe_options.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_387_4b_pipe_options.cjs
@@ -4,26 +4,16 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs"); // 구조물 표(322-1)
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 const STUBS = { "@ui/ui_template_toast": { showToast: () => undefined } };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     const alias = { "@util/": "common_util", "@ui/": "ui_template", "@config/": "config" };
@@ -31,11 +21,8 @@ function loadTs(file) {
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_387_8_folded_profile.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_387_8_folded_profile.cjs
index 36e8f3242..061435904 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_387_8_folded_profile.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_387_8_folded_profile.cjs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -95,35 +95,23 @@ const STUBS = {
   "config_frontend.ts": anyModule({ PIPE_TYPES: [] }),
 };
 
-const cache = new Map();
 const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
   ) ?? `${base}.ts`;
-function loadTs(full) {
-  const stub = STUBS[path.basename(full)];
-  if (stub) return stub;
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const near = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  fileStub: (full) => STUBS[path.basename(full)],
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const alias = { "@util/": "common_util", "@ui/": "ui_template", "@config/": "config" };
     for (const [prefix, dir] of Object.entries(alias))
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, near);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const B06 = (f) => path.join(ROOT, "B06_Section", `${f}.ts`);
 const store = loadTs(B06("B06_Section_Section_Store"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_390_5_snap_step_ops.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_390_5_snap_step_ops.cjs
index 9c63a27fd..134ba4b63 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_390_5_snap_step_ops.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_390_5_snap_step_ops.cjs
@@ -5,27 +5,17 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`))
-      : require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request),
+});
 
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
 const fit = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_RouteEdit_StationFit.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_397_cross_ctrl_wheel.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_397_cross_ctrl_wheel.cjs
index 0760f949d..b58b8db83 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_397_cross_ctrl_wheel.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_397_cross_ctrl_wheel.cjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 const common = fs.readFileSync(
@@ -13,15 +13,11 @@ const common = fs.readFileSync(
 );
 const CROSS_PAD = Function(`return ${/export const CROSS_PAD = (\{[^}]*\})/.exec(common)[1]}`)();
 const STUBS = { "./B06_Section_UI_Section_Common": { CROSS_PAD, L: (k) => k } };
-function loadTs(full) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => STUBS[request] ?? {};
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  cache: false,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => STUBS[request] ?? {},
+});
 globalThis.localStorage = { getItem: () => null }; // 휠 방향 기본(밂 = 확대)
 STUBS["./input_prefs"] = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "input_prefs.ts"));
 STUBS["../A00_Common/b_svg_zoom_pan"] = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "b_svg_zoom_pan.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_400_profile_carry.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_400_profile_carry.cjs
index 824a8ad56..ca1b3a339 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_400_profile_carry.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_400_profile_carry.cjs
@@ -3,21 +3,19 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
 function loadTs(file, stubs = {}) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(path.join(ROOT, file), "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
-    throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
+  return makeLoader({
+    root: ROOT,
+    cache: false,
+    requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
+      if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
+      throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
+    },
+  }).loadTs(path.join(ROOT, file));
 }
 
 const straightJudge = loadTs("B05_Profile/logic/B05_Profile_Profile_Straight.ts");
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_401_routeedit_pan.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_401_routeedit_pan.cjs
index 115b910f4..6232d2ac4 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_401_routeedit_pan.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_401_routeedit_pan.cjs
@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 function memoryStorage() {
   const map = new Map();
@@ -23,23 +22,14 @@ globalThis.localStorage = globalThis.window.localStorage;
 
 const STUBS = { "@ui/ui_template_palette": { themeColor: (_name, fallback) => fallback } };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const input = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Input.ts"));
 const rotateMod = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Rotate.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_409_2_plan_release_form.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_409_2_plan_release_form.cjs
index a585c4219..beb2cbf8f 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_409_2_plan_release_form.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_409_2_plan_release_form.cjs
@@ -5,19 +5,17 @@
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const ts = require(path.join(ROOT, "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 function loadTs(file, stubs = {}) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(path.join(ROOT, file), "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
-    throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request}`);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
+  return makeLoader({
+    root: ROOT,
+    cache: false,
+    requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
+      if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
+      throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request}`);
+    },
+  }).loadTs(path.join(ROOT, file));
 }
 
 globalThis.window = { addEventListener() {}, removeEventListener() {} };
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_410_follow_xy.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_410_follow_xy.cjs
index 089cc32fb..581629080 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_410_follow_xy.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_410_follow_xy.cjs
@@ -5,21 +5,19 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
 function loadTs(file, stubs = {}) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(path.join(ROOT, file), "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
-    throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
+  return makeLoader({
+    root: ROOT,
+    cache: false,
+    requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
+      if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
+      throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
+    },
+  }).loadTs(path.join(ROOT, file));
 }
 
 const catalog = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_415_h2.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_415_h2.cjs
index abb5e8364..185d2370c 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_415_h2.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_415_h2.cjs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * 입력 argv[2] JSON · argv[3] 격자 이진 · 결과 = 표준출력 JSON. 짝 = `test_415_page_split.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -45,15 +45,9 @@ globalThis.fetch = (url, init) =>
   });
 
 const STUBS = {};
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { load, loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
@@ -62,11 +56,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
-const load = (...parts) => loadTs(path.join(ROOT, ...parts));
+  },
+});
 
 const sampler = load("common_util", "common_util_surface_sampler.ts");
 const bytes = fs.readFileSync(process.argv[3]);
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_416_page_cache.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_416_page_cache.cjs
index 3f5d5f893..4f1881d64 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_416_page_cache.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_416_page_cache.cjs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -96,35 +96,23 @@ const STUBS = {
   "config_frontend.ts": anyModule({ PIPE_TYPES: [] }),
 };
 
-const cache = new Map();
 const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
   ) ?? `${base}.ts`;
-function loadTs(full) {
-  const stub = STUBS[path.basename(full)];
-  if (stub) return stub;
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const near = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  fileStub: (full) => STUBS[path.basename(full)],
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const alias = { "@util/": "common_util", "@ui/": "ui_template", "@config/": "config" };
     for (const [prefix, dir] of Object.entries(alias))
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, near);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const store = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B06_Section", "B06_Section_Section_Store.ts"));
 const pageRoute = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "design", "design_page_route.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_421_2_violation_lines.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_421_2_violation_lines.cjs
index 0141d7cc7..7aee5d3cc 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_421_2_violation_lines.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_421_2_violation_lines.cjs
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 function memoryStorage() {
   const map = new Map();
@@ -27,26 +26,17 @@ globalThis.fetch = () => Promise.resolve({ ok: false });
 
 const STUBS = { "@ui/ui_template_palette": { themeColor: (_name, fallback) => fallback } };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.endsWith(".css")) return {};
     if (request.startsWith("@ui/"))
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "ui_template", `${request.slice(4)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const model = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Initial_Model.ts"));
 
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_421_profile_toggle.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_421_profile_toggle.cjs
index fc4a3f6bd..564e807c1 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_421_profile_toggle.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_421_profile_toggle.cjs
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 function memoryStorage() {
   const map = new Map();
@@ -27,26 +26,17 @@ globalThis.fetch = () => Promise.resolve({ ok: false });
 
 const STUBS = { "@ui/ui_template_palette": { themeColor: (_name, fallback) => fallback } };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.endsWith(".css")) return {};
     if (request.startsWith("@ui/"))
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "ui_template", `${request.slice(4)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const model = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Initial_Model.ts"));
 
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_426_profile_straight.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_426_profile_straight.cjs
index e94097ecd..74227b793 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_426_profile_straight.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_426_profile_straight.cjs
@@ -5,25 +5,12 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-    return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+});
 
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
 const align = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_UI_Profile_Alignment.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_430_route_edit_rules.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_430_route_edit_rules.cjs
index 7632c8f85..accb0e8ee 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_430_route_edit_rules.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_430_route_edit_rules.cjs
@@ -5,28 +5,18 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
-const cache = new Map();
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`))
-      : require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request),
+});
 
 const edits = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Edits.ts"));
 const nudge = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_RouteEdit_KeyNudge.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_432_1_curve_law.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_432_1_curve_law.cjs
index 36b1c3350..44f3a5530 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_432_1_curve_law.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_432_1_curve_law.cjs
@@ -4,25 +4,12 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-    return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+});
 
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
 const align = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_UI_Profile_Alignment.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_449_save_pipes.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_449_save_pipes.cjs
index 7d2f4d16f..03a3bea5f 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_449_save_pipes.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_449_save_pipes.cjs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Node 로 · 서버 창구 · 계획고 초안 · 노선 편집 창구만 가짜. 짝 = `test_449_save_pipes.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -27,15 +27,9 @@ globalThis.window = {
 };
 
 const STUBS = { "/design_leave": { designSignature: () => "", markDesignClean: () => undefined } };
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { load, loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
@@ -44,11 +38,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
-const load = (...parts) => loadTs(path.join(ROOT, ...parts));
+  },
+});
 
 let calls = [];
 let failAt = null; // 이 차례에서 throw
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_451_drop_cross.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_451_drop_cross.cjs
index 8b6deb3f7..731eb7513 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_451_drop_cross.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_451_drop_cross.cjs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * 입력 argv[2] JSON · argv[3] 격자 이진 · 결과 = 표준출력 JSON. 짝 = `test_451_drop_cross.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -45,15 +45,9 @@ globalThis.fetch = (url, init) =>
   });
 
 const STUBS = {};
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { load, loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
@@ -62,11 +56,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
-const load = (...parts) => loadTs(path.join(ROOT, ...parts));
+  },
+});
 // 상세 가게 칸(472-5) — 실제는 상세 가게가 받을 때 채움 · 여기선 종단도가 내주는 저장 상세 그대로
 const slots = () => load("B06_Section", "B06_Section_Section_Canon.ts");
 
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_451_refresh_hold.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_451_refresh_hold.cjs
index f090d9f7c..0e5168b9c 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_451_refresh_hold.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_451_refresh_hold.cjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -85,30 +85,19 @@ const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
   ) ?? `${base}.ts`;
-function loadTs(full) {
-  const stub = STUBS[path.basename(full)];
-  if (stub) return stub;
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const near = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  fileStub: (full) => STUBS[path.basename(full)],
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const alias = { "@util/": "common_util", "@ui/": "ui_template", "@config/": "config" };
     for (const [prefix, dir] of Object.entries(alias))
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, near);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 let store = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B06_Section", "B06_Section_Section_Store.ts"));
 const state = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "b_page_state.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_451_session_canon.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_451_session_canon.cjs
index 80e16b9e2..3a11f3709 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_451_session_canon.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_451_session_canon.cjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -77,35 +77,23 @@ const STUBS = {
   "config_frontend.ts": anyModule({ PIPE_TYPES: [] }),
 };
 
-const cache = new Map();
 const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
   ) ?? `${base}.ts`;
-function loadTs(full) {
-  const stub = STUBS[path.basename(full)];
-  if (stub) return stub;
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const near = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  fileStub: (full) => STUBS[path.basename(full)],
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const alias = { "@util/": "common_util", "@ui/": "ui_template", "@config/": "config" };
     for (const [prefix, dir] of Object.entries(alias))
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, near);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const store = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B06_Section", "B06_Section_Section_Store.ts"));
 const state = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "b_page_state.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_453_plan_pick_draft.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_453_plan_pick_draft.cjs
index c19499898..31d13ffc5 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_453_plan_pick_draft.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_453_plan_pick_draft.cjs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 const data = new Map();
@@ -27,23 +27,14 @@ const STUBS = {
   "@ui/ui_template_palette": { themeColor: (_name, fallback) => fallback },
   "@util/common_util_svg": { stationLabel: (c, i) => `No.${Math.round(c / i)}` },
 };
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(`${path.resolve(path.dirname(full), request)}.ts`);
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 const page = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile");
 const input = loadTs(path.join(page, "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Input.ts"));
 const edit = loadTs(path.join(page, "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_History.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_454_arrow_station_step.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_454_arrow_station_step.cjs
index fd8ac2627..4dbcef29e 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_454_arrow_station_step.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_454_arrow_station_step.cjs
@@ -4,27 +4,17 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`))
-      : require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request),
+});
 
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
 const fit = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_RouteEdit_StationFit.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_455_arrow_auto_radius.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_455_arrow_auto_radius.cjs
index 1210f49fe..70b4ee029 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_455_arrow_auto_radius.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_455_arrow_auto_radius.cjs
@@ -4,26 +4,12 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-    return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+});
 
 const align = loadTs(
   path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic", "B05_Profile_UI_Profile_Alignment.ts"),
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_455_old_policy.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_455_old_policy.cjs
index b4b2519b2..87c08b99e 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_455_old_policy.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_455_old_policy.cjs
@@ -4,25 +4,12 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-    return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+});
 
 const LOGIC = path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic");
 const data = loadTs(path.join(LOGIC, "B05_Profile_UI_Profile_Data.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_466_pipe_move_options.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_466_pipe_move_options.cjs
index 101b18c99..316c72d8f 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_466_pipe_move_options.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_466_pipe_move_options.cjs
@@ -3,23 +3,21 @@
  * 표준출력 JSON 한 벌 · 짝 = test_466_pipe_move_options.py. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs"); // 구조물 표(322-1)
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
 function loadTs(file, stubs = {}) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(file, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
-    if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
-    throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request}`);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
+  return makeLoader({
+    root: ROOT,
+    cache: false,
+    requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
+      if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
+      if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
+      throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request}`);
+    },
+  }).loadTs(file);
 }
 
 // 세션(structure-pick) — 메모리 한 벌
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_472_5c_drop_once.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_472_5c_drop_once.cjs
index 64917ad12..636fdfc77 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_472_5c_drop_once.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_472_5c_drop_once.cjs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * 입력 argv[2] JSON · argv[3] 격자 이진 · 결과 = 표준출력 JSON. 짝 = `test_472_5c_drop_once.py`. */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
@@ -55,15 +55,9 @@ STUBS["B05_Profile_UI_Profile_History"] = new Proxy(
   },
   { get: (target, key) => (key in target ? target[key] : () => undefined) },
 );
-const cache = new Map();
-function loadTs(full) {
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { load, loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     const key = Object.keys(STUBS).find((name) => request.endsWith(name));
     if (key) return STUBS[key];
@@ -72,11 +66,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
-}
-const load = (...parts) => loadTs(path.join(ROOT, ...parts));
+  },
+});
 // 상세 가게 칸(472-5) — 실제는 상세 가게가 받을 때 채움 · 여기선 종단도가 내주는 저장 상세 그대로
 const slots = () => load("B06_Section", "B06_Section_Section_Canon.ts");
 
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_472_d_b05_pipe_undo.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_472_d_b05_pipe_undo.cjs
index 4a2d65aa9..01d041c54 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_472_d_b05_pipe_undo.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_472_d_b05_pipe_undo.cjs
@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 const listeners = {};
 const storage = () => {
@@ -54,24 +53,15 @@ const STUBS = {
   },
 };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request) ? CATALOG : null) ??
     STUBS[request] ??
     (request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`))
-      : require(request));
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request)),
+});
 
 const store = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "design", "design_store.ts"));
 const tools = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_Profile_Panel_Tools.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_473_lane_ready.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_473_lane_ready.cjs
index 9a8986bc7..3db3902a4 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_473_lane_ready.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_473_lane_ready.cjs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const ts = require(path.join(ROOT, "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require(path.join(__dirname, "helper_322_catalog_module.cjs"));
 
 function memoryStorage() {
@@ -39,25 +39,15 @@ const STUBS = {
   "B06_Section_UI_Page_Persist.ts": anyModule({ bermSpansFromStructures: () => [] }),
 };
 
-const cache = new Map();
 const resolve = (base) =>
   [base, `${base}.ts`, path.join(base, "index.ts")].find(
     (p) => fs.existsSync(p) && fs.statSync(p).isFile(),
   ) ?? `${base}.ts`;
-function loadTs(full) {
-  const stub = STUBS[path.basename(full)];
-  if (stub) return stub;
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: {
-      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
-      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020,
-      esModuleInterop: true,
-    },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const near = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  interop: true,
+  fileStub: (full) => STUBS[path.basename(full)],
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     if (request.endsWith(".json"))
       return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(path.dirname(full), request), "utf8"));
@@ -66,10 +56,8 @@ function loadTs(full) {
       if (request.startsWith(prefix))
         return loadTs(resolve(path.join(ROOT, dir, request.slice(prefix.length))));
     return loadTs(resolve(path.join(path.dirname(full), request)));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, near);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const design = path.join(ROOT, "A00_Common", "design");
 const { createFacilityLane } = loadTs(path.join(design, "design_facility_lane.ts"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_476_1_flatten.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_476_1_flatten.cjs
index 55402bede..2d752e640 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_476_1_flatten.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_476_1_flatten.cjs
@@ -5,27 +5,17 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) =>
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) =>
     request.startsWith(".")
       ? loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`))
-      : require(request);
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+      : require(request),
+});
 
 const edits = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "logic", "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Edits.ts"));
 const body = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(process.argv[2], "utf8"));
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_476_2_initial_profile.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_476_2_initial_profile.cjs
index 74dc83276..5da70b77c 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_476_2_initial_profile.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_476_2_initial_profile.cjs
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 function memoryStorage() {
   const map = new Map();
@@ -27,26 +26,17 @@ globalThis.fetch = () => Promise.resolve({ ok: false });
 
 const STUBS = { "@ui/ui_template_palette": { themeColor: (_name, fallback) => fallback } };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.endsWith(".css")) return {};
     if (request.startsWith("@ui/"))
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "ui_template", `${request.slice(4)}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const model = loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_RouteEdit_Initial_Model.ts"));
 const prof = loadTs(
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_493_3_follow_steps.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_493_3_follow_steps.cjs
index d2be8d33f..848c76219 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_493_3_follow_steps.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_493_3_follow_steps.cjs
@@ -7,21 +7,19 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
 
 function loadTs(file, stubs = {}) {
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(path.join(ROOT, file), "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
-    if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
-    throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  return box.exports;
+  return makeLoader({
+    root: ROOT,
+    cache: false,
+    requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
+      if (stubs[request]) return stubs[request];
+      throw new Error(`stub 없음: ${request} (${file})`);
+    },
+  }).loadTs(path.join(ROOT, file));
 }
 
 const catalog = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs");
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_54_10_soil_tiers.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_54_10_soil_tiers.cjs
index b75a8794b..22f7f2c14 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_54_10_soil_tiers.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_54_10_soil_tiers.cjs
@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs"); // 구조물 표(322-1)
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 
 // ── 화면 그릇 흉내 — 태그 · 클래스 · data 만 ─────────────────────────────────
 class FakeNode {
@@ -97,25 +96,16 @@ const STUBS = {
   "../../B05_Profile/B05_Profile_UI_Structures_Summary_Row": { buildSummaryRow: () => null },
 };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.startsWith("@util/"))
       return loadTs(path.join(ROOT, "common_util", `${request.slice(6)}.ts`));
     return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const out = {};
 
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_54_12_live_required.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_54_12_live_required.cjs
index 7d322b0db..c98033e58 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_54_12_live_required.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_54_12_live_required.cjs
@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@
  */
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
-const ts = require(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "config", "node_modules", "typescript"));
+const { makeLoader } = require("./helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs");
 const CATALOG = require("./helper_322_catalog_module.cjs"); // 구조물 표(322-1)
 
 const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "..", "..");
-const cache = new Map();
 const session = new Map();
 const fakeStorage = {
   getItem: (k) => session.get(k) ?? null,
@@ -23,25 +22,16 @@ const STUBS = {
   "./ui_template_checkbox.css": {},
 };
 
-function loadTs(file) {
-  const full = path.resolve(file);
-  if (cache.has(full)) return cache.get(full);
-  const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), {
-    compilerOptions: { module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS, target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2020 },
-  }).outputText;
-  const box = { exports: {} };
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  const localRequire = (request) => {
+const { loadTs } = makeLoader({
+  root: ROOT,
+  requireFor: (full) => (request) => {
     if (CATALOG.isCatalogRequest(request)) return CATALOG;
     if (STUBS[request]) return STUBS[request];
     if (request.startsWith(".")) return loadTs(path.join(path.dirname(full), `${request}.ts`));
     if (request.startsWith("@")) return new Proxy({}, { get: () => () => {} });
     return require(request);
-  };
-  new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
-  cache.set(full, box.exports);
-  return box.exports;
-}
+  },
+});
 
 const { commit } = loadTs(
   path.join(ROOT, "B05_Profile", "B05_Profile_UI_Structures_Panel_Commit.ts"),
diff --git a/resources/tester/helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs b/resources/tester/helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs
index d41c94492..30eb9b369 100644
--- a/resources/tester/helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs
+++ b/resources/tester/helper_ts_stub_loader.cjs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ function memoryStorage() {
 }
 
 /* 옵션 — 옮겨 온 옛 헬퍼가 저마다 달리 쓰던 것(헬퍼 동작 그대로).
- *   requireFor(full) 풀이 함수를 헬퍼가 직접 지음(기본 풀이 대신) · 인자 없으면 진짜 require
+ *   requireFor(full, file) 풀이 함수를 헬퍼가 직접 지음(기본 풀이 대신) · 인자 없으면 진짜 require
  *   interop        esModuleInterop 로 트랜스파일
  *   cache:false    같은 파일을 부를 때마다 새로 읽음(기본은 한 번만)
  *   fileStub(full) 파일 경로로 통째 대신할 값(없으면 undefined) */
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ function makeLoader({
     const js = ts.transpileModule(fs.readFileSync(full, "utf8"), { compilerOptions }).outputText;
     const box = { exports: {} };
     if (useCache) cache.set(full, box.exports);
-    const localRequire = requireFor ? requireFor(full) : defaultRequire(full);
+    const localRequire = requireFor ? requireFor(full, file) : defaultRequire(full);
     new Function("exports", "module", "require", js)(box.exports, box, localRequire);
     if (useCache) cache.set(full, box.exports);
     return box.exports;